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Music Video - En Vogue - 'Don't Let Go'

Music Video Analysis: En Vogue - 'Don't Let Go'

After just watching the video for 'Don't Let Go' by En Vogue once, I realised a huge difference that it had compared to other music videos. This was regarding one of Goodwin's theories that no other video I had analysed included. This led me to further analyse the video in detail.

En Vogue - Black Costume

Within the opening thirty seconds of the video, it becomes clear how important the references to colours are and how by understanding the link between the colours used, the narrative becomes a lot more clearer and descriptive. The colours red, purple and black are prominent throughout the costume which is chosen. Not only is this vital within the members of En Vogue themselves, but also the male antagonist within the video.

Purple Lipstick

 All of the girls from the band are wearing black clothing suggesting that they are victims or even struggling to get to terms with something. The black clothing is presented alongside a dark/deep purple lipstick which one of the band members is wearing. This later becomes extremely significant as the male antagonist in the video is seen on screen wearing a purple shirt with a deep purple/deep red waistcoat.

Male Wearing Purple

 The connection between the colours both he and the members of the band are wearing reveals that he is the male that the lyrics of the song are referring to. Furthermore, the use of the colour black in which the girls are wearing suggests that the man is causing them pain (in terms of narrative) without intentionally realising.  Similarly to all of the other girl band videos that I have analysed, En Vogue have distinct moments on screen in which they are dancing a choreographed routine.

Choreographed Dance Routine

However, where the other videos had either a full chorus of choreographed moves or different choreographed sections throughout the video, 'Don;t Let Go'  only has a couple of moves which the girls do simultaneously.  As a member of their audience watching the video, I feel that the lack of dance means that I am able to connect with each of the girls individually for a longer amount of time and therefore listen more to the lyrics that they are each conveying.  Furthermore, I feel that this was an extremely good decision in terms of genre characteristics as it subverts from traditional girl group videos and allows the audience to focus on the meaning behind the song.  With 'Don't Let Go', this is very important as the song is primarily about the lyrics and not so much about the typical ideologies that are based around what a girl group video should be like.

Close-Up Shots

In terms of the demands of the record label, the video of 'Don't Let Go' by En Vogue consists of a lot of close-up shots of the individual members of the group.  The close-ups tend to be directly of the girls' faces rather than a medium close up which is seen commonly throughout other girl band videos.

Close-Up Shots

 I would argue that this has been done to once again thoroughly learn about the group members as individuals and focus on the expressions in their faces in terms of the lyrics that they are singing, rather than combing a close-up shot with some of the clothes that they are wearing.
This allows the audience to connect with the meaning of the song and the emotions that the girls are trying to convey.
The aspect of the video that I had not come across when analysing others was the use of intertextuality.  Within 'Don't Let Go', this is the relation to the film 'Set it Off'.  The film consists of four black women (immediate relation to the members of En Vogue) and their suffer due to a lack of money.

Use of Intertextuality

I believe that this film has been referenced within the video as the clips of the film consist of a male and female together, but the obvious plot of the film is to do with suffering.

Voyeuristic Treatment of Female Body

This relates to the male antagonist within the En Vogue's video and the impact that he has on the women.  (This is described thoroughly through the use of colour spoken about above).  Surprisingly, 'Don't Let Go' has quite graphic references to voyeuristic treatment of the female body.  Even though this is a key ideology which tends to be very prominent within music videos of girl groups, I thought that due to the nature and the meaning of the song, if there was any reference to the female body, that it would be subtle and minimal.

Female Body Used to Atrract Men

However, there are times within the video where close-up shots are used to exemplify the female body.Even though this is this, the images that are presented on screen do also relate to the lyrics of the song, for example 'right to lose control'.  This reveals that the voyeuristic imagery ties in to the link between lyrics and visuals.  Like all of the other video I have analysed, in terms of Goodwin's theory relating to lyrics and visuals there is clear relationship between the two.

'More Than Friends'

Many of the lyrics are shown through actions, gestures and even facial expressions.  Firstly, when the lyrics 'more than friends' are sung, a member of En Vogue is seen taking of her jacket in a seductive way in front of the male antagonist.  This suggests that the relationship they have is more than friendship and based on romantics.

Long Shot of Arm Action

Another example of the relationship between lyrics and visuals is depicted through the lyrics 'don't let go' with emphasis on the word 'go'. When this line is sung, the girls are seen on screen doing a particular action with their arm in which they clench their fists and then open it up, following with letting their hand down.  This action almost has connotations for 'letting go' which is a key phrase sung throughout the song.  In terms of illustrating, amplifying and contradicting the lyrics, the visuals illustrate them in both the examples given above.  Within 'Don't Let Go', there is one main reference regarding the link between music and visuals.

Example of Music and Visuals

This example is mainly in terms of the editing techniques and how the cutting rhythm changes in accordance to the beat of the song.  There are individual close-up shots on screen of the individual members of the group when a certain beat appears to be heard.  Similar to that of the lyrics and visuals, I would argue that this illustrates the music rather than amplifying or contradicting it.  Lastly, the video has many references to the notion of looking, though throughout the same layer.

Notion of Looking

The notion of looking is in terms of the male antagonist looking through a camera, as if to be taking pictures of us as the audience.  The image on screen then switches to him taking pictures of one of the girls from En Vogue as if to capture them after capturing us.
Overall
From analysing 'Don't Let Go' by En Vogue, it has stressed the importance of making a strong connection between lyrics and visuals.  This is something that we will hope to do as a group when making our video of 'Alrite Stillll' by RD.

Music Video - The Pussycat Dolls - 'Don't Cha'

Music Video Analysis: The Pussycat Dolls - 'Don't Cha'

The song titled 'Don't Cha' by The Pussycat Dolls was their first song to be released nationally. From the title alone, it is clear to understand that much of the video will be focused on voyeuristic imagery and allowing the target audience to learn about each of the members within the band individually. By focusing on shots of each of the girls, not only does it help the record label in terms of how the artist is sold, but as it is the band's first song it allows each of the girls to show the audience a bit about themselves.

Extreme Long Shot - The Pussycat Dolls

As seen in the image to the left, the first time all of the girls are presented on screen is shown through an extreme long-shot.  This has been done to show the target audience the whole package of the band members and advertise them thoroughly for the first time as a group.  Accordingly, as Busta Rhymes features on the track, his costume makes him stand out from the girls around him as he is seen to be wearing a red top in contrast to the girls, wearing more subtle colours such as black and white.  This particular costume has been chosen for Busta Rhymes due to the girls just starting out in the music industry.  Moreover, as Busta Rhymes was known for many years before, by making him stand out reveals to the audience that The Pussycat Dolls are already collaborating with huge artists.

Nicole Scherzinger - Positioning

Similarly, this idea of status within the industry is depicted again when the main Pussycat Doll, Nicole Scherzinger, is positioned on screen behind Busta Rhymes.
The fact that she is on screen alone with him stresses her importance within the band and emphasises the fact that she is the main singer.  However, Busta Rhymes remains to be in front of her which reveals that at that particular time, she was not as big as him in terms of being an artist.  Again, colour has been used to clearly resemble the importance of the artists as Nicole is dressed in neutral colours such as black and white, whilst Busta Rhymes is presented in strong, vibrant reds.

Medium Shot - Lyrics and Visuals

One of Goodwin's theories related to the ideologies based around the relationship between lyrics and visuals.  Within the first thirty seconds of 'Don't Cha' by The Pussycat Dolls, this connection has already been established.  Nicole Scherzinger sings the words 'lets dance' and the image displayed on screen is of her dancing, focusing directly into the camera.  In terms of illustrating, amplifying or contradicting the song, I would argue that the visuals illustrate the lyrics.  This is because the visuals clarify what the lyrics are revealing, but do not go as far as taking what is seen on screen to the next level.  This differs from 'Waterfalls'  by TLC as a lot of the representation between lyrics and visuals is amplified, for example when the band members evolve from waterfall figures.

Lyrics and Visuals 

Within the rap that Busta Rhymes starts the song off with, there is another clear reference to lyrics and visuals.  This is conveyed through a medium shot in which Busta Rhymes brings his arm nearer to the camera, presenting emphasis on his watch.  The lyrics of the song 'only diamonds under my sleeve' reveal that he is showing the camera and the audience the diamonds around his watch.
Furthermore, as the music video progresses, another example is presented on screen.

Close-Up Shot - 'Fun'

This is when the lyrics 'don't cha wish your girlfriend was fun' are being sung and there is a close-up shot revealing a member of the group winking.  Connotations for winking involve being cheeky, playful and flirtatious which directly relate to the meaning behind the lyrics.  Again, these two examples illustrate the relationship between lyrics and visuals.

Like all of the other videos I have analysed, 'Don't Cha' has prime examples in which the whole group are seen dancing together doing strict choreographed moves.  This relates to Goodwin's theory regarding the belief that music videos demonstrate clear genre characteristics.  

Choreographed Routine

More specifically, this genre characteristic relates to girl groups having distinctive choreographed routines within their music video.The particular dance routine is frequently on screen throughout the chorus of the song, and from previous research, this appears to be true of most girl group music videos.  This is partially due to different girls singing different lyrics and versus throughout the rest of the song ad therefore the camera focuses on that particular individual rather than the whole group.

Music and Visuals - Lights Off

In terms of music and visuals, 'Don't Cha' has a very strong beat in which what is presented on screen dynamically relates to it.

Music and Visuals - Lights On

For example, there is layer which visualises the girls walking down some stairs with huge performance lights at either side of the staircase.
The lights flash from on to off, flashing on when a particular beat is heard.

Close-Up Shot

The Pussycat Dolls' video 'Don't Cha' has a lot of close-up shots of the girls, especially Nicole Scherzinger.  This is both typical of girl band music videos and also the demands of the record label.  Images of the girls are great for advertisement for their video and also helps to sell the girls as artists.  In addition, this particular theory that Goodwin imposed in extremely important in this case.  

Close-Up Shot

This is due to 'Don't Cha'  being the first single that The Pussycat Dolls released so it was vital that they followed distinct guidelines that record labels enforce as they would want to receive as many purchases of the song as possible.  This is similar to what is seen within both 'Survivor' by Destiny's Child and 'Waterfalls' by TLC as there are clear, prominent close-up shots of each of the girls individually.

Revealing Clothing

 Lastly, Goodwin spoke about voyeuristic imagery and exposure of the female body.  He continued to suggest that music videos have a tendency to objectify women and exploit them in terms of their physical appearance.  Due to the lyrics, title and meaning behind this song, 'Don't Cha' represents this theory a lot, as the song itself is about luring men in and being attractive to them in terms of appearance.

Revealing Shots

This is shown through the girls wearing revealing clothing, such as belly tops and tight shorts or skirts which expose their female qualities. Presenting these images on screen is the use of close-up shots which focus directly on the clothing the members of The Pussycat Dolls are wearing.  However, the clothing that the girls are wearing is not completely minimal (i.e. they are not depicted through over-exposed tops or clothing made of flimsy material).  This decision may have been due the video being The Pussycat Dolls' first, and therefore not wanting to portray them in an immediate exploitative way.
Overall
Overall, from analysing 'Don't Cha' by The Pussycat Dolls it is clear to see that the music video type is performance.  There is no concept aspect involved in the video at all, and the only times that narrative is viewed on screen is when there is a clear link between lyrics and visuals.  

Music Video - TLC - 'Waterfalls'

Music Video Analysis: TLC - 'Waterfalls'

After analysing 'Survivor' by Destiny's Child, I wanted to compare it to another girl band but a song which had a slower tempo.  This led to me to identify 'Waterfalls' by the group TLC and I found many differences to 'Survivor', but also many similarities in terms of the theories that Goodwin enforced.

First Shot Setting a Narrative

Firstly, the music video starts off with a narrative based shot which sets the scene for the video and also gives the audience an insight to what might come.  Moreover, the pace of the camera is extremely fast as the lens is directed prominently into the sky.  This idea is then developed as the next narrative shot reveals an aeroplane crossing what appears to be an island over seas.  It later becomes clear that the girls appear to singing, standing on water, as if to portray a 'waterfall' effect which relates  directly to title of the song.

Birds Eye View Shot of Aeroplane

As seen in the image to the right, there a distinct camera focus on the aeroplane.  As previously stated, this suggests that the first layer will be visualised on a beach or on an island, either way placing emphasis on the lyrics and the song's title.

Girls emerging from water figures

Effectively, when the next layer is seen on screen, there appears to be water figures which almost evolve into the band members of TLC.  This has been cleverly conveyed to add to the image of the girls expressing the nature of their song and amplifying the title, 'Waterfalls'.  In terms of Goodwin's theories, this idea immediately relates to the link between lyrics and visuals.  Not only do the visuals represent what the lyrics and more specifically the title of the song is conveying, but I would argue that this effect amplifies the meaning of the lyrics as it shows the importance of water being a key theme.  Moreover, as the girls begin to develop further into the song, the idea is distinguished that within the second layer alone there is a connection with music and visuals.  As the song begins, the sound identified is quite ethereal but more up-beat than mysterious.  This sound relates directly to the motion of the see and the actions that the members of the band are displaying through their dancing.

Long Shot Displaying Music and Visuals

The choreography is quite subtle, but looks extremely natural.  This is because instead of revealing big, spacious dance moves, the girls appear standing on the sea water relatively still moving their arms and torso to the rhythm of the waves.

Birds Eye View Shot of Urban Street

The music video continues to display clear narrative aspects, as the next layer is set in an urban city of America.  This is further represented through the use of a birds-eye view shot and reveals part of the meaning of the song, a mother worried about her son's safety and health due to him being involved in American youth crime.

When the lyrics of the song begin to be heard, it becomes clear that there are many references to Goodwin's ideology based around lyrics and visuals.

Close-Up of Hand Gesture

The lyrics which state 'she can't touch' has a direct relation to the choreography that the girls express.
The girls are seen on screen revealing a hand gesture that almost connects to the audience but then is drawn back in to their bodies.  Furthermore, this movement resembles the idea of almost being able to touch someone and guide them in the right direction, but at the last second something gets in the way.

Long Shot of Band Members Pointing

Similarly, this idea is conveyed again through the lyrics of 'by his side'.  When the girls are dancing, they are seen pointing to their sides initiating that someone could be there with them.  The link between lyrics and visuals within the song is very common as it is again expressed though the lyrics of 'don't go chasing waterfalls' and 'natural obsession'.

Long Shot of the Band Dancing as Water Figures

The image which represents 'don't go chasing waterfalls' visualises the members of the group dancing in front of a waterfall.  The same effect has been used to that seen at the beginning of the song in which the girls are made up of water.  This again amplifies the effect of lyrics and visuals as it takes the lyrics into consideration and not only refers to them visually, but also adapts the image to portray a more meaningful concept.

Establishing Shot of Landscape

The lyrics 'natural obsession' are sung when the image on screen is of a beautiful, natural landscape.  I would argue that this image was chosen as many people find beauty in reality to be a calm and natural.

Shot of Clock Used as a Motif

Furthermore, when there is a prominent switch in layer,  in which the time has changed dramatically, an image of a clock appears on screen with fast moving images behind it.  Furthermore, it could be argued that the clock on screen is identified as a motif throughout the video, acting as a common image which is present when there is an instant and prominent layer change.
Within the video, there is a close-up reflection shot which adds to the idea of the narrative behind the lyrics.

Close-Up of Mother's Reflection

The refection is seen through the mirror or a car wheel and reveals the mother of a son in a red dress looking worried and afraid.  The connotations of the colour red can be associated in this case with vulnerability and the love that she has for her son.
The colour also represents the danger that the boy later gets himself into.  The use of the shot being expressed through a reflection conveys the idea that the actions of the son and the decisions that he makes directly impact the mothers emotional state.

Close-Up (Notion of Looking)

Goodwin's theory relating to the notion of looking is displayed within 'Waterfalls' but is subverted in some ways from the traditional idea. The notion of looking is represented when the mother's son is the only focus within another boy's eye.
The boy whose eye focuses directly on the son is part of a gang subculture suggesting that danger will be enforced on to the son himself.  Instead of typically looking through a lens, telescope etc, the looking is distinguishably identified by the use of a close-up.

Close-Up of Man - Notion of Looking

In addition to this, notion of looking is displayed again within TLC's video but is subtly subverted.  A man is seen looking into a mirror which almost gives the audience a perspective which sees him differently to how he sees himself.  The notion of looking at this particular moment also relates directly to the lyrics and visuals as the image is conveyed through the lyrics of 'he doesn't recognise his own face'.

Long-Shot (Mother Appearing in Front of Son)

Furthermore, through the use of a long-shot, the music video reveals the son heading towards a group of boys who are dressed and acting through the use of their gestures to be involved in part of a gang.  Through the use of editing, the boy's mother appears in front of him as if to worn and stop him from getting himself into trouble.  This layer of the video relates specifically to the narrative and emphasises the meaning of the song, being based around love, danger, and making the right or wrong decisions.
In terms of Goodwin's theory based around typical genre characteristics, as a girl dance group, and similar to what I analaysed within Destiny's Child's 'Survivor', TLC as a girl group displayed many choreographed dance routines and actions throughout the video.

Choreographed Dance Routine

This is expected from girl groups and it helps the members of the band relate to their target audience more effectively by appealing to wider age group.  For example, the song itself and the emotion that it portrays would relate to those aged between 16-20, but the dance moves and the narrative behind the song allow the target audience to widen to members of the public from as young as 13 years of age.
Lastly, anther theory that Goodwin spoke about was the use of voyeuristic imagery and how the female body can sometimes be exploited.  As the meaning of 'Waterfalls' is quite serious and emotional, very little voyeuristic imagery is expressed, but nevertheless, some is still depicted on screen.

Close-Up (Voyeuristic Imagery)

This is seen when one of the band members is identified tapping her hips and a close-up shot is taken of her stomach.  This suggests that even though the lyrics of the song and what the band members are wishing to portray throughout their video, being based on the harsh reality of American youth crime, the record label still expect to see aspects of a voyeuristic nature to be visualised from a girl band.
Further Analysis 
As spoken about, 'Waterfalls' by TLC has many on screen shots relating to the idea of reflection.  This is seen through the mother's reflection in a car wheel, a man looking into a mirror and the son who is reflected in the another boy's eye.  After further analysis, I realised that the reasoning behind this was due to the title of the song and where many of the layers are filmed.  The use of reflections relates directly to the title 'Waterfalls' and how water reflects anything that is above it.  Furthermore, as the meaning of the video is deciding between making right or wrong decisions, the reflections act as specific insights to the narrative and display the consequences of the decisions that the actors make.

Music Video - Destiny's Child - Survivor

The above video is the music video of the analysis below. From this, I found that the relationship between lyrics and music was both illustrated and amplified. This is because what is seen on screen relates directly to the lyrics, and in some cases is even conveyed to a deeper understanding. For example, the subtle jump cuts which switch to show a particular colour of red when the lyrics are associated with being stronger.
In terms of music and visuals, I would argue that the music again illustrates the visuals. This is in terms of editing and sound, for example when analysisng the close-up of the sea when the music was expressing an ethereal tone.  This information and examples are presented below in the actual video analysis.

Music Video Analysis: Destiny's Child - 'Survivor'

When analysing Destiny's Childs' song titled 'Survivor', I immediately started to pick up on many of theories that Goodwin imposed. Firstly, Goodwin identified that music videos demonstrate clear genre characteristics. In girl bands, this tends to be shown through choreographed dance routines and Destiny's Child clearly relate to this in their video.

Dance Routine

As shown in the picture, there are times when the group dance with other dancers, not just as a band.  In the dance routine presented on screen, the steps are quite basic but executed with force and passion, resembling the theme of the song, surviving.  In this particular layer where the dance routine is clearly visible, the members of the group (Beyonce Knowles, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams) are dressed in army attire.  Army wear, being known for fighting and symbolising strength, clearly helps to convey the vibe of the video.  Secondly, Goodwin identified that there is usually a clear relationship between lyrics and visuals.  Again, in 'Survivor', Destiny's Child successfully portray this within their video.  The opening lyrics of the song 'Now I got you out of my life' are sung with the setting of the video being in a completely deserted island where the girls are firstly visualised as individuals.  This suggests that being alone and stranded in an unknown place, they are reflecting back on the past and negative experiences.

Individual Group Member - Deserted Island

However, the title of the song 'Survivor' is clearly portrayed here as the band members are first seen alone, not as a group.  This reveals that as independent women, they can survive primarily on their own.

Jump Cut to Kelly - Red Clothing: 'Stronger'

Similarly, when the words 'weak without you but I'm stronger' are expressed, editing is used to clearly distinguish the meaning of the song.  This has been shown through a jump cut, jumping from Beyonce Knowles, to Kelly Rowland.  Beyonce in the first layer is dressed in yellow clothing, whereas Kelly is seen in red.  The reference to the word 'stronger', allowed the jump to take place as Kelly Rowland being dressed in red reveals connotations of fighting and anger.  This suggests that the girls are expressing the emotions of fighting in relationships in contrast to the independence that they have. Moreover, the relationship between lyrics and visuals is displayed constantly throughout, as it is seen again with the lyrics 'but I'm richer'.  Within this, when the lyrics are sung, the girls are on a beautiful island.  To many, peace and beauty can be seen as the richest thing.

Punching Action

Furthermore, there are many more examples of when this particular theory that Goodwin identified are present, and one last one can be shown through the words 'I'm a survivor'.  As seen in the screen shot to the right, Kelly Rowland is seen using punching actions to express the lyrics.  This has connotations for fighting, survival and independence.

Another ideology clearly presented in 'Survivor' is the relationship between music and visuals.

Music and Visuals - Sea

The opening layer of the video by Destiny's Child begins with an extreme close-up of the sea.  The waves in the sea are swaying in relation to the beat of the music.  The beginning of the music presents almost a windy tone, with the use of string instruments.  Due to the movement of the water, if the music was not present, one would still imagine that the opening would be quite mysterious.

Jump Cut 1

Secondly, the music is represented on screen due to the use of editing.  When the tempo and tone of the song changes, fast jump cuts are used to identify and portray the motion (see images labelled jump cuts).

Jump Cut 2

Goodwin also identified the notion of looking and voyeuristic treatment of the female body, where women are sexually objectified.  In terms of the notion of looking, there is no actual lens or camera reference that is clearly depicted.

Birds Eye View Shot

However, a birds eye view shot is used which allows the audience to feel like they are looking through a camera/telescope onto the artists.  Furthermore, the notion of looking is not distinctly present but the audience is subconsciously creating an  image which feels as if they are peering onto the group.

Minimal Clothing

When analysing the voyeuristic treatment of the female body, in each layer, the artists are presented in minimal/ripped clothing.  For example, in the first layer their costume appears ripped and in the second layer, they are seen in shorts and bra tops.
This is accompanied by a frequent use of close-up and extreme close-up shots of parts of their bodies.  This is shown through clear shots in which their stomachs are on screen.
However, many would argue that the costume purely represents the theme of the song, surviving, and due to his, the girls are dressed in what appears to be 'tatty' and 'survival' wear.

Direct Close-Up of Body

However, many would argue that this costume represents fighting (the rips etc) and therefore is purely a direct resemblance of the meaning of the song.
Moreover, due to the close-ups of the body, I would suggest that the female body is being sexually objectified, just maybe not to the extreme that one would originally perceive.
Further Analysis

Male Looking Down on Female Group

When further analysing the video, it becomes clear what the narrative is about.  A man is presented on screen on a rock, in a position of authority.  He is appears to be looking down on to the female artists, suggesting that male dominance is partially what the lyrics represent.  Furthermore, it appears that the girls are singing about how men in relationships were once the key to their survival, but now they can survive alone.  The idea of them now being independent, comes from another moment on screen where they are seen dancing in front of a building.

Destiny's Chid Dancing 

The building looks wealthy and the fact the girls are outside of it, suggests that they are now in a position of authority.  Moreover, the band is accompanied with other dancers, but the members of the group always stay in their own line, dancing in front of them.
This again suggests that they now have dominance over individuals rather then males dominating them .
Overall
Overall, it is clear to see that the video 'Survivor' by Destiny's Child is a combination of both narrative and performance.  The narrative relates to the lyrics, associated with males in relationships.